JFK Assassination Records - 2017-2018 Additional Documents Release
2017-2018 Additional Documents Release
The National Archives is releasing documents previously withheld in accordance with the JFK Assassination Records Collection Act. The vast majority of the Collection (88%) has been open in full and released to the public since the late 1990s. The records at issue are documents previously identified as assassination records, but withheld in full or withheld in part. Learn more about the process on the JFK Assassination Records Processing Project - 2017 Update web page.
These releases include FBI, CIA, and other agency documents (both formerly withheld in part and formerly withheld in full) identified by the Assassination Records Review Board as assassination records. The releases to date are as follows:
- July 24, 2017: 3,810 documents (read press release)
- October 26, 2017: 2,891 documents (read press release)
- November 3, 2017: 676 documents (read press release)
- November 9, 2017: 13,213 documents (read press release)
- November 17, 2017: 10,744 documents (read press release)
- December 15, 2017: 3,539 documents * (read press release)
- April 26, 2018: 18,731 documents * (read press release)
* Note: There are instances where multiple record identification numbers are associated with the same pdf. This is due to the fact that the files were scanned in batches.
Accessing the Records
The table below displays metadata about all the released documents. You can also download the spreadsheet as an Excel file (4.7MB).
To view or download a specific document, follow the link in the "Doc Date" column. The files are sorted by NARA Release Date, with the most recent files appearing first. The previous withholding status (i.e., formerly withheld in part or formerly withheld in full) is identified in the “Formerly Withheld Status” column.
JFK Table
| Row Num | Record Num | NARA Release Date | Formerly Withheld | Agency | Doc Date | Doc Type | File Num | To Name | From Name | Title | Num Pages | Originator | Record Series | Review Date | Comments | Pages Released |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 901 | 104-10260-10400 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 07/31/1959 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | DISPATCH: OPERATIONAL TRANSMITTAL OF UNUSED, BLANK DOCUMENTATIONS | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-6 : F10 : 1998.06.29.06:49:41:466124 : | 1 | ||
| 902 | 104-10262-10385 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 08/22/1966 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | HEADQUARTERS TRACES ON THE SUBJECTS OF REFERENCE AND THE HUDSON INSTITUTE FOLLOW: | 2 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-7 : F23 : 1998.07.14.12:20:29:233129 : | 2 | ||
| 903 | 104-10263-10067 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/1963 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | SEPARATE COVER ATTACHMENT TO UFGA 1127 | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-7 : F12 : 20040322-1061570 : | 1 | ||
| 904 | 104-10263-10111 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/0000 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | FERRE, LUIS ALBERT - 21 FILE MATERIAL | 85 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-7 : F14 : 1998.08.14.14:13:11:263082 : NOT BELIEVED RELEVANT | 85 | ||
| 905 | 104-10263-10112 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 04/19/1976 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | FORM:INSTRUCTION SHEET/TICKLE OCT 1976 | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-7 : F13 : 1998.08.27.12:02:15:420082 : MEMO OF CALL PHOTOCOPIED ON TOP. | 1 | ||
| 906 | 104-10265-10000 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 04/22/1960 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | REQUEST STATION APPROACH JOSE IGNACIO RASCO | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/16/2018 | JFK64-55 : F23A : 1998.08.06.12:43:21:560129 : | 1 | ||
| 907 | 104-10265-10022 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/0000 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | AMPALM-5 | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-55 : F23A : 1998.08.07.06:19:36:826129 : | 1 | ||
| 908 | 104-10265-10026 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 06/29/1965 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | WITHHELD | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-55 : F23 : 1998.08.07.08:27:06:700129 : | 1 | ||
| 909 | 104-10265-10029 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/22/1965 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | WITHHELD | SEE DOSIER ON SUBJECT IN FI/D BIOGRAPHIC FILES | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-55 : F23 : 1998.08.07.08:30:35:653129 : | 1 | |
| 910 | 104-10265-10127 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 12/16/1959 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | MEMO: CUBAN POLITICAL MATTERS | 3 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-55 : F13 : 1998.09.25.07:55:44:750128 : | 3 | ||
| 911 | 104-10265-10133 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 10/14/1959 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH DIVISION | MEMO: DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF SECURITY (INVESTIGATIONS AND SUPPORT) | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-55 : F13 : 1998.09.25.08:31:03:530128 : | 1 | |
| 912 | 104-10266-10019 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 10/10/1963 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | PRQ PART II - LICOOKY-1 | 7 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-11 : F5 : 1998.09.21.13:28:56:623020 : | 7 | ||
| 913 | 104-10266-10024 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 08/29/1962 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | PRQ PART II - LICOOKY-1 | 5 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-11 : F5 : 1998.09.22.10:36:40:576020 : | 5 | ||
| 914 | 104-10266-10026 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/0000 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | FOLDER ON COBB, VIOLA JUNE (VOL VII) | 221 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-11 : F6 : 1998.11.23.12:27:21:780120 : NOT BELIEVED RELEVANT (NBR) | 221 | ||
| 915 | 104-10266-10138 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/0000 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | FOLDER ON LIRING-3. | 401 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-11 : F12 : 1999.01.06.13:48:10:623082 : NOT BELIEVED RELEVANT (NBR) | 401 | ||
| 916 | 104-10267-10196 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 07/07/1966 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357ALE | CABLE RE TRAINING. | 2 | CIA | JFK | 03/16/2018 | JFK64-13 : F29 : 1998.09.20.14:50:10:403031 : | 2 | ||
| 917 | 104-10268-10000 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/0000 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | HELMS HEARING DUPLICATE - VOLUME 1, COPY 5 OF HELMS HEARING. | 189 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK4 : F1 : 1998.05.13.17:30:36:653031 : DUPLICATE OF VOL 1, COPY 1 OF HELMS HEARING IN JFK3, F1 WHERE DOCUMENTS WERE INDIVIDUALLY PROCESSED. THIS COPY WAS UNIT INDEXED. | 189 | ||
| 918 | 104-10268-10002 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/0000 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | HELMS HEARING DUPLICATE - VOLUME III, COPY 5 OF HELMS HEARING. | 228 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK4 : F3 : 1998.05.13.17:34:28:140031 : DUPLICATE OF VOL III, COPY 1 OF HELMS HEARING IN JFK3, F3 WHERE DOCUMENTS WERE INDIVIDUALLY PROCESSED. THIS COPY WAS UNIT INDEXED. | 228 | ||
| 919 | 104-10268-10004 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/0000 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | HELMS HEARING DUPLICATE - VOLUME 1, COPY 6 OF HELMS HEARING. | 189 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK4 : F5 : 1998.05.13.17:40:07:623031 : DUPLICATE OF VOL I, COPY 1 OF HELMS HEARING IN JFK3, F1 WHERE DOCUMENTS WERE INDIVIDUALLY PROCESSED. THIS COPY WAS UNIT INDEXED. | 189 | ||
| 920 | 104-10268-10006 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/0000 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | HELMS HEARING DUPLICATE - VOLUME III, COPY 6 OF HELMS HEARING. | 228 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK4 : F7 : 1998.05.13.17:44:00:263031 : DUPLICATE OF VOL III, COPY 1 OF HELMS HEARING IN JFKF3, F3 WHERE DOCUMENTS WERE INDIVIDUALLY PROCESSED. THIS COPY WAS UNIT INDEXED. | 228 | ||
| 921 | 104-10268-10008 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/0000 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | HELMS HEARING DUPLICATE - VOLUME I, COPY 7 OF HELMS HEARING. | 189 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK4 : F9 : 1998.05.13.17:49:55:403031 : DUPLICATE OF VOL I, COPY 1 OF HELMS HEARING IN JFK3, F1 WHERE DOCUMENTS WERE INDIVIDUALLY PROCESSED. THIS COPY WAS UNIT INDEXED. | 189 | ||
| 922 | 104-10268-10010 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/0000 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | HELMS HEARING DUPLICATE - VOLUME III, COPY 7 OF HELMS HEARING. | 228 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK4 : F11 : 1998.05.13.17:53:54:000031 : DUPLICATE OF VOL III, COPY 1 OF HELMS HEARING IN JFK3, F3 WHERE DOCUMENTS WERE INDIVIDUALLY PROCESSED. THIS COPY WAS UNIT INDEXED. | 228 | ||
| 923 | 104-10268-10012 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/0000 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | HELMS HEARING DUPLICATE - VOLUME I, COPY 1 OF HELMS HEARING. | 189 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK4 : F13 : 1998.05.13.17:58:16:030031 : DUPLICATE OF VOL I, COPY 1 OF HELMS HEARING IN JFK3, F1 WHERE DOCUMENTS WERE INDIVIDUALLY PROCESSED. THIS COPY WAS UNIT INDEXED. | 189 | ||
| 924 | 104-10268-10014 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/0000 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | HELMS HEARING DUPLICATE - VOLUME III, COPY 1 OF HELMS HEARING. | 228 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK4 : F15 : 1998.05.13.18:02:01:280031 : DUPLICATE OF VOL III, COPY 1 OF HELMS HEARING IN JFK3, F3 WHERE DOCUMENTS WERE INDIVIDUALLY PROCESSED. THIS COPY WAS UNIT INDEXED. | 228 | ||
| 925 | 104-10271-10145 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 11/21/1960 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CONTACT REPORT: MEETING WITH MANUEL RAY, 15 NOVEMBER 196, AT AT MOTEL IN HOMESTEAD, FLORIDA | 3 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-27 : F19 : 1998.09.03.07:52:43:436128 : | 3 | ||
| 926 | 104-10272-10027 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/1975 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 123 | DCI MORNING MEETING MINUTES EXCERPTS FOR 1975. | 61 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | DCI1 : F10 : 20040520-1091845 : | 61 | ||
| 927 | 104-10272-10028 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 02/26/1976 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 123 | DCI MORNING MEETING MINUTES EXCERPTS FOR 1976. | 110 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | dci1 : F11 : 20040520-1092512 : | 110 | ||
| 928 | 104-10272-10029 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/1977 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 123 | DCI MORNING MEETING MINUTES EXCERPTS FOR 1977. | 80 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | DCI1 : F12 : 1994.09.01.17:39:52:130028 : | 80 | ||
| 929 | 104-10272-10030 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/1978 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 123 | DCI MORNING MEETING MINUTES EXCERPTS FOR 1978. | 90 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | DCI1 : F13 : 1994.09.01.17:44:52:750028 : | 90 | ||
| 930 | 104-10273-10321 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 06/08/1976 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | DIRECTOR | CABLE: HEMMING BROTHERS INVOLVEMENT IN PLOT TO ASSASINATE LAUGERUD | 9 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK-RH15 : F12 : 1999.08.04.10:57:37:966103 : FILE ORIGINAL IS PREVIOUSLY SANITIZED; PARTIAL DUP OF 104-10372-10137, JFK-RH15:F12 | 9 | |
| 931 | 104-10273-10324 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 06/08/1976 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | DIRECTOR | CABLE: HEMMING BROTHERS INVOLVEMENT IN PLOT TO ASSASSINATE LAUGERUD | 5 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK-RH15 : F12 : 1999.08.04.11:09:17:216103 : FILE ORIGINAL IS PREVIOUSLY SANITIZED; PARTIAL DUP OF 104-10273-10137, JFK-RH15:F12 | 5 | |
| 932 | 104-10273-10325 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 06/08/1976 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | DIRECTOR | CABLE: HEMMING BROTHERS INVOLVEMENT IN PLOT TO ASSASSINATE LAUGERUD | 5 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK-RH15 : F12 : 20040322-1061607 : | 5 | |
| 933 | 104-10273-10326 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 06/08/1976 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | DIRECTOR | CABLE: HEMMING BROTHERS INVOLVEMENT IN PLOT TO ASSASSINATE LAUGERUD | 5 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK-RH15 : F12 : 1999.08.04.11:35:12:356103 : FILE ORIGINAL IS PREVIOUSLY SANITIZED; PARTIAL DUP OF 104-10273-10137 | 5 | |
| 934 | 104-10275-10023 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 11/08/1963 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, SAS/SUPPORT | MEMO: C-4 AND C-3 EXPLOSIVES | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/16/2018 | JFK64-15 : F12 : 1998.08.03.12:54:33:576108 : | 1 | |
| 935 | 104-10276-10080 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/26/1976 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | LIST: ORESTES GUILLERMO RUIZ PEREZ | 4 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-17 : F4 : 1999.02.09.07:13:18:153129 : | 4 | ||
| 936 | 104-10276-10377 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 04/22/1977 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | IP/21 SECTION | FORM: 21 PERSONALITY FILE ACTION REQUEST:UZLOV, SERGEY | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK64-17 : F15 : 1999.02.11.11:09:23:810120 : | 1 | |
| 937 | 104-10119-10368 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 07/30/1971 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | DIRECTOR | OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP AND ATTACHED MESSAGE ON MAGAZINE COVER STORY. | 3 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK43 : F27 : 1997.07.29.07:58:18:076106 : | 3 | |
| 938 | 104-10119-10431 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 09/21/1966 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | SECRECY AGREEMENT OF E. HOWARD HUNT | 2 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK43 : F17 : 1997.08.06.18:02:39:310031 : | 2 | ||
| 939 | 104-10120-10014 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 09/22/1966 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | SPECIAL CLEARANCE AND/OR BILLET APPROVAL FOR E. HOWARD HUNT. | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK43 : F17 : 1997.08.06.18:46:24:170031 : | 1 | ||
| 940 | 104-10120-10028 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 05/16/1976 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | IRS | PERSONNEL SECURITY PLEDGE & NAME CHECK INFORMATION RELEASE: HEMMING, GERALD. | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK43 : F4 : 1997.08.06.19:09:57:403102 : | 1 | |
| 941 | 104-10120-10035 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 06/07/1956 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | TRAVEL ORDER FOR E. HOWARD HUNT. | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/16/2018 | JFK43 : F17 : 1997.08.06.19:22:02:873031 : | 1 | ||
| 942 | 104-10120-10039 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 06/27/1956 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | TRAVEL ORDER FOR E. HOWARD HUNT. | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/16/2018 | JFK43 : F17 : 1997.08.08.17:39:40:686031 : | 1 | ||
| 943 | 104-10120-10042 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 10/16/1956 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | REQUEST FOR PERSONNEL ACTION FOR HOWARD E. HUNT. | 2 | CIA | JFK | 03/16/2018 | JFK43 : F17 : 1997.08.08.17:44:50:530031 : | 2 | ||
| 944 | 104-10120-10043 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 08/13/1956 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | FILE | HUNT, HOWARD. | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK43 : F17 : 1997.08.08.17:45:39:186031 : | 1 | |
| 945 | 104-10120-10044 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 05/24/0000 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | HUNT, EVERETT. | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK43 : F17 : 1997.08.08.17:46:50:966031 : | 1 | ||
| 946 | 104-10120-10059 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/0000 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | TRAVEL ORDER FOR E. HOWARD HUNT. | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK43 : F17 : 1997.08.08.18:14:54:670031 : | 1 | ||
| 947 | 104-10120-10063 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 04/08/1954 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | TRAVEL ORDER FOR E. HOWARD HUNT. | 2 | CIA | JFK | 03/16/2018 | JFK43 : F17 : 1997.08.08.18:19:29:576031 : | 2 | ||
| 948 | 104-10120-10065 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 04/07/1954 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | HUNT, E. HOWARD. | 2 | CIA | JFK | 03/16/2018 | JFK43 : F17 : 1997.08.08.18:22:54:670031 : BEST AVAILABLE COPY. | 2 | ||
| 949 | 104-10120-10075 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 01/01/0000 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | TRAVEL ORDER AMENDMENT FOR E. HOWARD HUNT, JR. | 2 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK43 : F17 : 1997.08.08.18:36:23:326031 : | 2 | ||
| 950 | 104-10120-10080 | 04/26/2018 | Redact | CIA | 11/15/1953 [PDF] | PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | TRAVEL ORDER FOR E. HOWARD HUNT, JR. | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/12/2018 | JFK43 : F17 : 1997.08.08.18:44:42:590031 : | 1 |
Bulk Download of PDF and WAV files
You can access individual files by browsing the webpage above and selecting the link in the "Doc Date" column. You may also download the Excel spreadsheet above, which includes links to all of the files. If you need copies of all PDF and WAV files, you can request a compressed bulk download by emailing bulkdownload@nara.gov with “JFK Bulk Download” in the subject line.
Other Releases
Recent record releases are linked below (see agency postponement documentation for more information).
Frequently Asked Questions and Additional Resources
Contact Us
Reference Inquiries
Email: inquire@nara.gov
Media Inquiries
Email: public.affairs@nara.gov
The National Archives is conducting a review of all web pages related to The President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection. The information contained on these pages may be out of date and will be updated as needed.