JFK Assassination Records - 2023 Additional Documents Release
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is processing previously withheld John F. Kennedy assassination-related records to comply with President Biden’s Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies on the Temporary Certification Regarding Disclosure of Information in Certain Records Related to the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, requiring disclosure of releasable records by June 30, 2023. NARA worked in concert with agencies to jointly review the remaining redactions in 3,648 documents in compliance with the President's directive. Between April and June 2023, NARA posted 2,672 documents containing newly released information. Documents released in December 2022 are not being posted again if the redactions have not changed.
- August 24, 2023: 21 documents
- June 27, 2023: 1,103 documents
- June 13, 2023: 290 documents
- May 11, 2023: 502 documents
- April 27, 2023: 355 documents
- April 13, 2023: 422 documents
Accessing the Release Files
The table below displays metadata about all the released documents. You can also download the spreadsheet as an Excel file ( 162 KB).
Row Num | Record Num | NARA Release Date | Formerly Withheld | Doc Date | Doc Type | File Num | To Name | From Name | Title | Num Pages | Originator | Record Series | Review Date | Comments | Pages Released |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1301 | 104-10071-10324 | 06/27/2023 | Redact | 06/03/1968 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WESTERN HEMISPHERE DIVISION | OPERATIONAL PROGRESS FOR DECEMBER 1967-MAY 1968. SUMMARY ON THE LEFTIST WRITER PRESS SERVICE PRODUCED 35 INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES AND SERIALIZED POLITICAL FEATURE ARTICLES. | 10 | CIA | JFK | 06/15/2023 | JFK15 : F26 : 1993.07.31.10:32:26:500030 : | 10 | |
1302 | 104-10122-10005 | 06/13/2023 | Redact | 05/18/1960 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH | CHIEF OF STATION | DISPATCH RE TRACES ON WILLIAM MORGAN. | 2 | CIA | JFK | 04/13/2023 | JFK44 : F27 : 20040225-1049038 : | 2 |
1303 | 104-10072-10323 | 04/13/2023 | Redact | 12/14/1965 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH | CHIEF OF STATION, JMWAVE | DIRECTORSHIP, FINANCES AND ACTIVITIES OF THE CUBAN EXILE NEWSPAPER MUNDO AMERICANO, PUBLISHED IN NEW YORK | 5 | CIA | JFK | 02/28/2023 | JFK15 : F13 : 20031216-1026141 : | 5 |
1304 | 104-10172-10214 | 04/27/2023 | Redact | 10/28/1963 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH | COS LONDON | APPRECIATED COPIES OF THE STERILIZED AELADLE REPORT. | 3 | CIA | JFK | 03/23/2023 | JFK64-8 : F2 : 20040302-1052751 : | 3 |
1305 | 104-10177-10155 | 05/11/2023 | Redact | 05/17/1960 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH | WITHHELD | WITHHELD | 2 | CIA | JFK | 04/06/2023 | JFK64-13 : F14 : 20040303-1053526 : | 2 |
1306 | 104-10218-10040 | 05/11/2023 | Redact | 03/20/1963 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH DIV | COS MEXICO CITY | DISPATCH: OPERATIONAL/LIHUFF FIELD PROJECT OUTLINE. | 10 | CIA | JFK | 03/31/2023 | JFK64-53 : F21 : 1998.04.29.18:05:27:576102 : CORRECTED TO10 PAGES VICE 11. | 11 |
1307 | 104-10510-10002 | 04/13/2023 | Redact | 09/14/1966 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH DIV. | COS JMWAVE | DISPATCH:AMBUD MEDICAL/VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION PROGRAM. | 5 | CIA | JFK | 02/28/2023 | JFK64-64 : F7 : 1998.10.22.16:58:44:590108 : FORMERLY UNIT INDEX: BOARD DETERMINATION DOC. 104-10229-10092. | 5 |
1308 | 104-10413-10294 | 04/13/2023 | Redact | 08/27/1963 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | RUSS HOLMES WORK FILE | CHIEF, WH DIVISION | COS, MEXICO CITY | DISPATCH: LIFEAT PROGRESS REPORT/JULY 1963 | 3 | CIA | JFK | 02/28/2023 | JFK-RH08 : F152 : 20040324-1064335 : | 3 |
1309 | 104-10414-10395 | 04/13/2023 | Redact | 10/29/1964 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | RUSS HOLMES WORK FILE | CHIEF, WH DIVISION | CHIEF OF STATION, MEXICO CITY | DISPATCH-LIEMPTY PROJECT RENEWAL. | 8 | CIA | JFK | 02/28/2023 | JFK-RH07 : F136 : 20040324-1064418 : | 8 |
1310 | 104-10510-10156 | 04/13/2023 | Redact | 09/14/1966 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH DIVISION | CHIEF OF STATION, JMWAVE | DISPATCH: AMBUD MEDICAL/VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION PROGRAM | 5 | CIA | JFK | 02/28/2023 | JFK64-64 : F7 : 1999.06.04.11:35:35:090128 : | 5 |
1311 | 104-10177-10212 | 05/11/2023 | Redact | 11/09/1959 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH DIVISION | WITHHELD | ACTIVITIES OF JUAN EMILIO NUNEZ PORTUONDO, CUBAN EXILE AND OPPOSITION LEADER. | 8 | CIA | JFK | 04/06/2023 | JFK64-13 : F21 : 20040303-1053534 : | 8 |
1312 | 104-10218-10036 | 06/27/2023 | Redact | 12/02/1963 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH DIVISION | COS MEXICO CITY | DISPATCH: OPERATIONAL/KUWOLF/LIHUFF. | 4 | CIA | JFK | 05/04/2023 | JFK64-53 : F21 : 20040315-1058127 : | 4 |
1313 | 104-10188-10042 | 06/13/2023 | Redact | 04/12/1963 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH DIVISION | CHIEF OF STATION, MEXICO CITY | DISPATCH: LIFEAT PROGRESS REPORT/FEBRUARY AND MARCH 1963 | 3 | CIA | JFK | 04/27/2023 | JFK64-23 : F8 : 20040310-1056440 : | 3 |
1314 | 104-10121-10191 | 06/27/2023 | Redact | 11/17/1961 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH DIVISION | WHITE, VICTOR, DD/OS/I&S | MEMO - SUBJ: ACCOMMODATION ADDRESSES. | 1 | CIA | JFK | 06/15/2023 | JFK44 : F23 : 20040225-1048997 : | 1 |
1315 | 104-10079-10289 | 04/13/2023 | Redact | 02/10/1965 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH DIVISION | COS, MEXICO CITY | PROJECT LIEMPTY/PROGRESS REPORT 1 NOVEMBER 1964-31 JANUARY 1965. | 5 | CIA | JFK | 02/28/2023 | JFK18 : F27 : 1993.07.19.15:03:40:120280 : HMMA 25352 (3 PGS) IS DUPLICATED IN 104-10187-10291 AND 104-10414-10116, BOTH RELEASED IN FULL. THE ADDITIONAL 2 PAGES ARE NOTES REQUIRING REDACTION | 5 |
1316 | 104-10187-10019 | 04/13/2023 | Redact | 10/29/1964 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH DIVISION | COS, MEXICO CITY | DISPATCH: LIEMPTY PROJECT RENEWAL. | 8 | CIA | JFK | 02/28/2023 | JFK64-22 : F38 : 1998.04.01.09:43:28:670082 : | 8 |
1317 | 104-10188-10036 | 04/13/2023 | Redact | 05/28/1963 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH DIVISION | COS, MEXICO CITY | DISPATCH - PROJECT LIFEAT RENEWAL REQUEST. | 23 | CIA | JFK | 02/28/2023 | JFK64-23 : F6 : 20040310-1056435 : | 23 |
1318 | 104-10188-10040 | 04/13/2023 | Redact | 07/19/1963 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH DIVISION | CHIEF OF STATION, MEXICO CITY | DISPATCH: LIFEAT PROGRESS REPORT/APRIL, MAY, JUNE 1963 | 4 | CIA | JFK | 02/28/2023 | JFK64-23 : F8 : 20040310-1056438 : | 4 |
1319 | 104-10188-10041 | 04/13/2023 | Redact | 08/27/1963 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH DIVISION | CHIEF OF STATION, MEXICO CITY | DISPATCH: LIFEAT PROGRESS REPORT/JULY 1963 | 3 | CIA | JFK | 02/28/2023 | JFK64-23 : F8 : 20040310-1056439 : | 3 |
1320 | 104-10161-10383 | 06/13/2023 | Redact | 01/13/1973 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH DIVISION | CHIEF OF STATION, WH/MIAMI | TELEPOUCH: REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE ON CITIZENSHIP. | 6 | CIA | JFK | 04/13/2023 | JFK45 : F19 : 1997.11.16.11:41:47:233102 : | 6 |
1321 | 104-10128-10303 | 06/13/2023 | Redact | 05/19/1960 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH/4 | SECURITY OFFICER, WH/4 | SECURITY VIOLATION PHILLIPS, DAVID A. AND OTHERS. | 1 | CIA | JFK | 04/13/2023 | JFK45 : F3C : 1997.09.02.18:26:31:060031 : | 1 |
1322 | 104-10218-10100 | 04/13/2023 | Redact | 06/22/1960 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH/4 | HERNSDORF, HARRY | MEMORANDUM: MEETING WITH JUNE COBB, AIDE TO JUAN ORTA | 4 | CIA | JFK | 02/28/2023 | JFK64-53 : F20 : 1998.05.12.14:13:06:763120 : | 4 |
1323 | 104-10180-10180 | 06/27/2023 | Redact | 03/06/1961 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH/4 | C/WH/A/FI | REFERENCE A DOES NOT GIVE SUFFICIENT DETAIL TO MAK A VERY REALISTIC APPRAISAL AT THIS TIME OF THE DAMAGE TO OUR OPERATIONS. | 2 | CIA | JFK | 06/15/2023 | JFK64-16 : F11 : 1998.06.14.11:36:14:076107 : | 2 |
1324 | 104-10162-10107 | 06/27/2023 | Redact | 01/10/1961 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH/4, ATTN: MR. LOU NAPOLI | CHIEF, TSB/IB | MEMO - TRANSMITTAL OF DOCUMENTATION FOR USE OF MANUEL ARTIME Y BEUSA. | 2 | CIA | JFK | 06/15/2023 | JFK64-1 : F14 : 1997.12.08.10:52:09:450092 : DOC CONSISTS OF MEMO AND ROUTING SHEET WITH COMMENTS. | 2 |
1325 | 104-10227-10135 | 05/11/2023 | Redact | 11/17/1961 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH/6 | CHIEF, WESTERN HEMISPHERE DIV | MEMORANDUM: SUBJECT - RECENT ARREST OF MOVIMIENTO REVOLUCIONARIO DEL PUEBLO (MRP) MEMBERS | 1 | CIA | JFK | 04/06/2023 | JFK64-62 : F19 : 1998.05.29.19:29:19:500115 : | 1 |
1326 | 104-10072-10227 | 06/27/2023 | Redact | 10/08/1967 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH/CUBA | COS, JMWAVE | CONTACT REPORT NO. 1 AND 2 OF MEETING HELD ON 26 AND 27 SEPTEMBER 1967. | 10 | CIA | JFK | 06/15/2023 | JFK15 : F45 : 1993.08.03.19:30:11:620033 : INCLUDES TRANSMITTAL SHEET. | 10 |
1327 | 104-10187-10038 | 04/27/2023 | Redact | 06/25/1964 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH/OPERATIONS (MR. HOOD) | CHIEF, WH/SA/CI | HANDLING OF AMMUG-1 OPERATION. | 2 | CIA | JFK | 03/23/2023 | JFK64-22 : F30 : 1998.05.13.17:44:55:543107 : | 2 |
1328 | 104-10239-10048 | 04/27/2023 | Redact | 05/11/1964 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH/PO/A | SWENSON, HAROLD F., CHIEF, WH/SA/CI | MEMO: DEBRIEFING REPORT #71 OF AMMUG-1 - SANTIAGO PEREZ 'ROLO'. | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/16/2023 | JFK64-21 : F5 : 1998.06.20.12:14:43:403031 : | 1 |
1329 | 104-10187-10045 | 04/27/2023 | Redact | 10/08/1964 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH/SA | COS, MEXICO CITY | DISPATCH:OPERATIONAL/IDENTIFICATION OF PHOTOS BY AMMUG-1 | 2 | CIA | JFK | 03/23/2023 | JFK64-22 : F2 : 1998.05.15.09:48:51:793120 : | 2 |
1330 | 104-10185-10211 | 06/13/2023 | Redact | 08/12/1964 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH/SA | CHIEF/TSD/AB | MEMORANDUM: ( ) DOCUMENTATION FOR AMMUG-1, AB CASE 4983 | 9 | CIA | JFK | 04/27/2023 | JFK64-20 : F14 : 20040310-1056309 : | 9 |
1331 | 104-10183-10276 | 06/27/2023 | Redact | 06/19/1964 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WH/SA/CI | C/WH/2 | MEMORANDUM: SUBJECT - AMMUG/1 OPERATION TARGET ANALYSIS AND NON-SURFACABLE LEADS | 27 | CIA | JFK | 06/15/2023 | JFK64-19 : F10 : 20040304-1054917 : | 27 |
1332 | 104-10180-10163 | 05/11/2023 | Redact | 05/17/1961 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WHD | CHIEF OF BASE, JMWAVE | DISPATCH-THE FOLLOWING SW MESSAGE WAS RECEIVED ON 12 MAY 1961. | 1 | CIA | JFK | 04/12/2023 | JFK64-16 : F11 : 20040304-1054529 : | 1 |
1333 | 104-10176-10028 | 04/27/2023 | Redact | 11/18/1956 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WHD | WITHHELD | OPERATIONAL: - ROLANDO MASFERRER. | 2 | CIA | JFK | 03/16/2023 | JFK64-12 : F10 : 1998.02.28.15:47:15:840102 : | 2 |
1334 | 104-10229-10412 | 04/13/2023 | Redact | 02/20/1967 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WHD | COS JMWAVE | DISPATCH:DISPOSITION OF AMBUD MEDICAL CASES | 2 | CIA | JFK | 02/28/2023 | JFK64-64 : F7 : 1998.10.22.15:11:35:560108 : FORMERLY UNIT INDEXED: BOARD DETERMINATION DOC 104-10229-10092. | 2 |
1335 | 104-10063-10007 | 06/13/2023 | Redact | 12/09/1970 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WOMUSE | WITHHELD | WITHHELD | 4 | CIA | JFK | 04/13/2023 | JFK10 : F1A : 1993.07.12.15:32:06:870340 : | 4 |
1336 | 104-10063-10005 | 04/13/2023 | Redact | 11/04/1969 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WOMUSE | WITHHELD | BLACK POWER AND STUDENT UNREST. | 6 | CIA | JFK | 02/28/2023 | JFK10 : F1A : 1993.07.12.15:10:06:280340 : | 6 |
1337 | 104-10063-10243 | 04/27/2023 | Redact | 10/23/1970 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF, WOMUSE INFO CHIEF, FE DIVISI | WITHHELD | DISPATCH:MHCHAOS/ROGER BROWN, MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN BLACK PANTHER PARTY | 2 | CIA | JFK | 03/23/2023 | JFK10 : F4 : 1993.07.13.19:23:35:750400 : | 2 |
1338 | 104-10433-10070 | 06/13/2023 | Redact | 01/29/1968 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | RUSS HOLMES WORK FILE | CHIEF,FAR EAST DIV | CHIEF OF STATION,TOKYO | DISPATCH:ANTI-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA MATERIAL CIRCULATING IN JAPAN | 8 | CIA | JFK | 04/13/2023 | JFK-RH19 : F05 : 1998.12.17.10:41:55:826129 : NOT BELIEVED RELEVANT (NBR) | 7 |
1339 | 104-10192-10275 | 05/11/2023 | Redact | 11/17/1961 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF,WE/6 | KING, J.C.,CHIEF, WH DIVISION | MEMORANDUM:RECENT ARREST OF MOVIMIENTO REVOLUCIONARIO DEL PUEBLO (MRP) MEMBERS | 1 | CIA | JFK | 04/06/2023 | JFK64-27 : F20A : 1998.05.21.14:58:35:890120 : | 1 |
1340 | 104-10185-10190 | 04/13/2023 | Redact | 11/04/1964 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF,WH/CA/CI | WITHHELD | MEMORANDUM:RETURN OF ( ) PASSPORT FOR AMMUG-1 | 1 | CIA | JFK | 02/28/2023 | JFK64-20 : F14 : 1998.05.04.08:29:44:280120 : | 1 |
1341 | 104-10437-10091 | 06/27/2023 | Redact | 12/02/1970 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | RUSS HOLMES WORK FILE | CHIEF,WHD | [RESTRICTED] | DISPATCH:TARGET STUDY: (SOURCE) | 49 | CIA | JFK | 06/15/2023 | JFK-RH05 : F108-5 : 1998.11.20.12:45:00:826129 : NOT BELIEVED RELEVANT (NBR). | 49 |
1342 | 104-10240-10310 | 04/27/2023 | Redact | 07/26/1963 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CHIEF. WHD | CHIEF OF STATION, CARACAS | DISPATCH: SUBJECT - EVALUATION OF RAW REPORT | 2 | CIA | JFK | 03/16/2023 | JFK64-1 : F17 : 1998.04.11.13:22:59:403115 : | 2 |
1343 | 104-10423-10337 | 06/27/2023 | Redact | 02/02/1965 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | RUSS HOLMES WORK FILE | CHIEFS OF ALL STATIONS | CHIEF, KUDOVE | WARREN COMMISSION TESTIMONY--SELECTED EXCERPTS | 52 | CIA | JFK | 06/15/2023 | JFK-RH12 : F216 : 1998.12.17.15:43:16:250104 : CORRECTED TO 52 PAGES VICE 51. | 52 |
1344 | 104-10007-10345 | 06/27/2023 | Redact | 02/02/1965 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 201-289248 | CHIEFS OF ALL STATIONS | WARREN COMMISSION TESTIMONY - SELECTED EXCERPTS | 6 | CIA | JFK | 06/15/2023 | OSW13 : V53 : 1993.06.19.13:49:49:870000 : | 6 | |
1345 | 104-10012-10076 | 06/27/2023 | Redact | 07/19/1968 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 201-289248 | CHIEFS, CERTAIN STATIONS AND BASES | CHIEF, WOLIME | WARREN COMMISSION REPORT: ARTICLE ON THE INVESTIGATION CONDUCTED BY DISTRICT ATTORNEY GARRISON | 3 | CIA | JFK | 06/15/2023 | OSW16 : V56 : 1993.06.24.18:07:33:780310 : PART 1 OF 2 | 3 |
1346 | 157-10014-10161 | 05/11/2023 | Redact | 06/10/1975 [PDF] | MEMORANDUM | 07-M-66 | CHURCH, FRANK | MADIGAN, MICHAEL J. | MEETING 29 JULY 1975 | 18 | SSCIA | MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS OF THE CHURCH COMMITTEE | 03/31/2023 | CCBOX 447 | 20 |
1347 | 104-10181-10057 | 04/13/2023 | Redact | 03/27/1962 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CI/LIAISON | SR/CI/RED | VLADIMIR O. SLOBODA. | 1 | CIA | JFK | 02/28/2023 | JFK64-17 : F11 : 1998.03.19.18:11:09:466107 : | 1 |
1348 | 104-10217-10028 | 05/11/2023 | Redact | 03/01/1961 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CI/LIAISON | WH/4/CI | ELOY GUTIERREZ MENOYO. | 1 | CIA | JFK | 04/06/2023 | JFK64-52 : F14 : 20040315-1058040 : | 1 |
1349 | 104-10266-10015 | 04/27/2023 | Redact | 01/19/1965 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CI/OA | CHIEF, WH/1 | LICOOKY-1- AMEND OA | 1 | CIA | JFK | 03/23/2023 | JFK64-11 : F5 : 1998.09.21.08:18:30:373020 : | 1 |
1350 | 104-10169-10288 | 05/11/2023 | Redact | 08/17/1967 [PDF] | PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT | 80T01357A | CI/OA | WH/COG/C ICS/OS | REQUEST FOR CANCELLATION | 2 | CIA | JFK | 04/06/2023 | JFK64-7 : F24 : 20040302-1052507 : | 2 |