References: Committee Recommendations
References: III. Recommendations of the Committee- "Assassination and Political Violence," a report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969), vol. 8, p. 45 (hereinafter Assassination Report).
- Id. at 124.
- "To Establish Justice, To Insure Domestic Tranquillity," final report of the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence (Washington, D.C.; U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969), p. xxiii (hereinafter Violence Commission Report).
- Assassination Report, p. 10.
- Id. at 1.
- Id.at 2-5.
- Violence commission Report, p. 125.
- Assassination report, p. 11.
- See generally Charles H. Whittier, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, "Assassination in Theory and practice: A Historical Survey of the Religious and Philosophical Background of the Doctrine of Tyrannicide," Apr. 12, 1978 (JFK Document 007559).
- Violence Commission Report, pp. 2-16.
- Id. at 127-28.
- See generally R. Rothman, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, The Social and Political Implications of the Assassinations of John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr." (MLK Document 260029).
- Violence Commission Report, p. xix.
- See testimony of Richard M. Helms, Sept. 22, 1978, hearings before the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, 2d session (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979), vol. IV, pp. 118-161 (hereinafter Helms testimony, --HSCA-JFK hearings,--); testimony of Santos Trafficante, Jr., Sept. 27, 1978, V HSCA-JFK hearings, 357-364.
- Id., Helms testimony at 180-81.
- Executive Order 12036, sec. 2.305 (Jan. 24, 1978).
- As enacted by Public Law 92-539 in 1972, 18 U.S.C. 1116 extended the protection of Federal law to foreign official or guests in the United States. Public Law 94-467, enacted in 1976, broadens that protection to include an "internationally protected person," defined to include a Chief of State whenever he was "in a country other than his own." Even though the offender might be subject to Federal criminal jurisdiction, if the assassination occurred in the Chief of State's own country, it would not fall within the scope of the statute.
- S. 1437, 15th Congress, 1st session 1202 (1977).
- Testimony of Benjamin R. Civiletti, "Legislative and Administrative Reform," hearings before the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, 2d session (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979), vol. I, pp. 112-136 (hereinafter Reform).
- See generally Murl Larkin, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, "Federal Homicide: Public Figures," May 15, 1978 (JFK Document 008417) (hereinafter Larkin).
- If the President had been killed as a result of a conspiracy, it would have violated 18 U.S.C. 372; if the murder had occurred within the special maritime or territorial jurisdiction of the United States, it would have violated 18 U.S.C. 1111 (b), 1112 (b). Other statutes that might have been involved include 18 U.S.C. 241, 242.
- Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964), p. 455 (hereinafter Warren Report).
- 18 U.S.C. 1114.
- Warren Report, pp. 455-56.
- Larkin, pp. 10-11.
- See, e.g. 18 U.S.C. 1114.
- S. 1437, 95th Congress, 1st session 1601 (e) (A) (1977).
- Testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 4.
- Id. at 31.
- Testimony of Benjamin Civiletti, Reform, pp. 134-35.
- Testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 31.
- See Larkin, pp. 15-19.
- Testimony of Stuart Knight, Reform, p. 108; testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 32.
- Testimony of Benjamin Civiletti, Reform, p. 128.
- Id. at 112, 122, 129-30.
- Warren Report, pp. 455-56.
- Testimony of Benjamin Civiletti, Reform, p. 126; testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 25.
- Testimony of Stuart Knight, Reform, p. 97.
- See also testimony of Stuart Knight, Reform, p. 97; testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 25.
- Testimony of Stuart Knight, Reform, p. 97; should be presumption of exercise); testimony of Benjamin Civiletti, Reform, p. 132 (should be automatic); testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 25 (automatic).
- Testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 22; see Kent M. Ronhoude, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, "Disposition of the Remains of Victims of Federally Cognizable Homicides," Dec. 18, 1978 (JFK Document 015785).
- Testimony of Benjamin Civiletti, Reform, p. 133; testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 7.
- Testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 28 (concern expressed possible extension of language).
- Testimony of Stuart Knight, Reform, p. 105 (Director of FBI); testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 25 (Attorney General).
- Testimony of Stuart Knight, Reform, p. 106.
- 18 U.S.C. 2509.
- See generally Kent M. Ronhoude, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, "Government Acquisition of Evidence Pertaining to the Assassination of President Kennedy and Related Matters," Dec. 11, 1978.
- United States v. One 6.5 mm Mannlicher-Carcano Military Rifle, 250 F. Supp. 410 (N.D. Tex. 1966), rev'd, King v. United States, 364 F. 2d 235 (5th Cir. 1966). See King v. United States, 292F Supp. 767 (D. Colo. 1968).
- See 15 U.S.C. 905 (b) for the relevant statute then in effect. The relevant statute today is 18 U.S.C. 924(d)
- See Porter v. United States, 335 F. Supp. 498 (N.D. Tex. 1971) rev'd, Porter v. United States, 473 F. 2d 1329 (5th 1973) (entitled to realized value related to assassination).
- Nichols v. United States, 325 F. Supp. 130 (D. Kans. 1971), aff'd 460 F. 2d 671 (10th Cir. 1972). See testimony of Benjamin Civiletti, Reform, p. 145-146 (need for general legislation).
- Testimony of Percy Foreman, Nov. 13, 1978, V HSCA-MLK hearings, 297-298.
- See generally Nancy Lee Jones, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, "Constitutional Analysis of a New York Statute Requiring Funds Received by Alleged Criminals for Certain Purposes to be Given to Their victims," sept. 8, 1977.
- 18 U.S.C. 871.
- 18 U.S.C. 1752.
- Testimony of Stuart Knight, Reform, pp. 96-97.
- Testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 12. On the other hand, testimony before the committee raised quetions that these guidelines might be too restrictive. Testimony of Stuart Knight, Reform, pp. 93-94 (too restrictive); testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 11 (tight, but "one of the assumed risks that we take in a free society"); testimony of Benjamin Civiletti, Reform, pp. 119-120 (quality if not quantity is sufficient).
- 50 U.S.C. 403 (d) (3). see Heine v. Raus, 399 F. 2d 785 (4th ed. 1968).
- See VIII J. Wigmore evidence 237Y (ed ed. 1940).
- See, e.g., Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978.
- 18 U.S.C. 3146.
- 18 U.S.C. 3161.
- Testimony of William Webster, Reform.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Id. at 18.
- Testimony of Stuart Knight, Reform, pp. 109-110.
- Testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 37.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 19.
- Id. at 22.
- Id. at 28.
- 28 U.S.C. 591-98.
- See, e.g., the questioning of Chairman Louis Stokes, Reform, pp. 42-43.
- Testimony of Stuart Knight, Reform, p. 109; testimony of Benjamin Civiletti, Reform, pp. 131-132; testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 43; testimony of Frank Carlucci, Reform, p. 87.
- Testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 41.
- Id., at 42.
- Testimony of Frank Carlucci, Reform, p. 52.
- See, e.g., questioning of Chairman Louis Stokes, Reform, p. 23.
- Testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 6.
- Testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 23.
- Testimony of Benjamin Civiletti, Reform, p. 131.
- Warren Report, pp. 231-240.
- Testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 34.
- Testimony of Benjamin Civiletti, Reform, p. 139.
- Testimony of Stuart Knight, Reform, pp. 106-108.
- See e.g., questioning of Congressman Richardson Preyer, Reform, p. 106.
- Testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 35; testimony of Benjamin Civiletti, Reform, p. 142.
- Testimony of William Webster, Reform, p. 35.
- Ibid.
- Testimony of Benjamin Civiletti, Reform, p. 142.
- See generally "The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation," Doc. No. 92-82, 92d Congress, 2d session (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973), p. 79 (hereinafter Analysis); Arthur S. Schlesinger and Roger Bruns, eds., "Congress Investigates: A Documented History 1792-1974" (New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1975), vol. I, pp. xvii-xviii (hereinafter Investigations).
- John Mill, "Considerations on Representative Government," (South Bend, Ind.: Gateway edition, 1962), p. 11.
- Woodrow Wilson, "Congressional Government" (Magnolia, Mass.: Peter Smith Publishers, Inc., 1958), p. 303.
- Ibid.
- Quoted in Investigations, p. xix.
- See generally Investigations, pp. 3-101.
- Analysis, p. 83.
- See 123 Congressional Record H 10256 (daily ed., Aug. 28, 1977) for an extended discussion of the implications of that statute for congressional investigations.
- 18 U.S.C. 6001-05.
- House rule XI, cl. 2, K(3)
- Committee rule 3.7.
- House rule XI, cl 2(K) (4)
- Code of Professional Responsibility ABA, Canon 5, DR5-105.
- See, e.g., United States v. Dolan, 22 Crim. L. Reprt. 93d Cir. Jan. 23, 1978).
- "Watergate Special Prosecution Force Report" 140-41 (1975) (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975), pp. 140-141.
- 28 U.S.C. 2241 (c) (5)
- Legal Document Relating to the Select Committee Hearings, Appendix to the Hearings of the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign
- Activities, 93d Congress, 1st and 2d sessions (Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Government Printing Office, 1974), pp. 2156-2157.
- See Carbo v. United States, 314 U.S. 611 (1961).
- Eastland v. United States Serviceman's Fund, 421 U.S. 491 (1975).
- The Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Preventive Treatment and Rehabilitation Act, 42 U.S.C. 4582.
- See 112 Congressional Record H 10255 (daily ed., Sept. 28, 1977).
- See S. Rept. No. 95-127, 95th Congress, 2d session 80 (1978).
- Constitution, Jefferson's Manual and Rules of the House of Representatives, H. Doc. 94-663, 94th Congress, 2d session 427-28 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977.
- Rule 13.11, Select Committee on Assassinations.
- Letter of C.J. Leontes to Michael Goldsmith, Sept. 11, 1978, House Select Committee on Assassinations (JFK Document 014205).
- Ibid.
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